![]() ![]() ![]() Click the button “Tracking Code.” The website will show you all the information about the Discord user you got using Grabify. It is easy to find on their homepage as it is located on the top. First, you need to enter the tracking code in a special field on the Grabify site. Once you have the tracking code and the user clicks your link, you can track their IP. Ideally, the user should be interested in clicking the link. When you have the link, please give it to your chosen user and make sure they click it. ![]() This code is important as it will provide you with the ability to track the user's IP later on. When you create a URL for your user, Grabify will give you a tracking code. If that sounds rather complicated, check this clear and straightforward tutorial on how to catch catfish on the internet with Grabify tracking links. Namely, when the user clicks the link, you get their information. What you got now is the usual URL, but with certain parameters attached to it. Grabify has a convenient window with a special field where you need to copy-paste the user’s Discord address.Īfter you’ve entered the address of the Discord user, press the button “Create URL.” Now, you have a working address that you need to give to your user to grab their IP. First, you need to know this link to start grabbing their IP. On Discord, each user will have a link that leads to their page. Here is an example of how to get an IP address using Grabify: There are plenty of IP grabbing programs that allow you to find and track IP. Without a doubt, IP grabbers are one of the best solutions for getting to know someone’s address. See the most popular ways to get someone’s IP on Discord in this article. It is pretty possible to do it using a specific way or a program that might calculate the user's IP you are interested in. Most IT specialists will tell you: “It’s impossible to get someone’s IP from Discord.” However, this is not true at all. Also, this platform uses TLS, which ensures more security for each of its users. Most people believe that Discord hosts their servers themselves, so it’s impossible to get a person’s IP from it. There are plenty of situations where you might want to get someone’s IP on Discord. Get someone’s Discord IP now! Read the article to find out the most popular, easy ways to calculate the IP of the user on Discord. Then, use Abstract's IP geolocation API to learn more. ![]()
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![]() ![]() ![]() With advances in hardware and software technology, the tether is no longer required to achieve 6dof, but due to the limitations of processing power, the tether can still help with the ability to run more complicated programs and enjoy far superior graphics rendering which improves the immersive quality of a VR experience. Many of these systems often required external cameras or lasers to triangulate the position of the headset and controllers in a pre-arranged room-scale playspace.Īdvances in technology eventually provided for HMDs (head-mounted displays) that operate without external cameras or lasers, (sometimes called “light towers”), to track them around the playspace, but a tether to a PC was still a necessity. In the past, the ability to create a full 6dof experience required that a VR headset be tethered to a stationary device, meaning the user has to negotiate a cable or wiring system in the real world while immersed in the virtual reality. This is also called “pitching.” Tethered 6dof The corresponding rotational dof is the ability to tip on the same axis – looking up to the sky or down at the ground. The third translational dof is the ability to crouch down or jump up, making you higher than or lower than an object. This is also known as “yawing.” The z-axis This is known as “strafing.” The corresponding rotational dof is the ability to twist on the same axis – turn the body to one side or the other. The second translational dof is the ability to move from side to side, making you move to the left or right of an object. ![]() This is also known as “rolling.” The y-axis This is known as “surging.” The corresponding rotational dof is the ability to tilt on the same axis – remaining facing forward but leaning over to one side or the other. The first translational dof is the ability to move forward and backward, making you closer to or farther away from an object. There are three translational degrees of freedom, and three rotational degrees of freedom, one of each for each axis - x, y, and z. What is 6d of?Ħdof stands for ‘six degrees of freedom’ and refers to the ways you can move within and interact with your virtual reality environment. Put simply, the Quest is a potential game-changer for the future of VR. Oculus’ spring release of its first standalone 6dof wireless headset - the Oculus Quest - allows 6dof experiences without having to deal with cables or cords tethering you to a stationary PC. more.With the launch of the Oculus Quest into the VR market, a new world of possibilities has opened up for virtual reality for enterprise. While you're here since your directly involved with Advanced Settings, do you happen to know if there's a way to get Advanced Settings to add a map to a controller button that emulates a keyboard press (such as F12)? So unfortunately my button mask question still stands. But I do use both programs combined to get the results I'm looking for. If all the functionality of Input emulator was in Advanced Settings then there would be less of an issue. The only issue I'm having is with the key binding trigger masks as I stated. In addition due to some of the activities I do in VR (specifically YouTube) I have heavily modified Input Emulator using it's driver swapping tools and head to driver offsets all set to key binds on the controllers within it's config files. Hello!! I have Advanced Settings! And I use a lot of it's functionality already however Advanced Settings play space drag was added quite some time after input emulator was so it's not what I "grew up" using per say. Please check the wiki and our troubleshooting guide.Please browse the subreddit for common questions & check the wiki.We don't allow political discussion or sub-reddit drama.No impersonation, claiming to have "insider knowledge", or posting intentional misinformation.We don't allow memes, or URL shorteners.Self-promotion is allowed for game developers and YouTube personalities, please read further below.No buying, selling, begging, giveaways or crowd-funding.Low effort posts that are not allowed include shipment notification, arrival and unboxing photos. Posts must be on-topic and relevant to Valve Index. Posts must be about or related to the Valve Index and must not be low effort.Discussion and debate is encouraged but name-calling and/or harassment will not be tolerated. ![]() ![]() ![]() They are the patterns by which teachers and students operate and go about the job of learning and working together in a classroom environment. Thinking routines exist in all classrooms. They are short, easy-to-learn mini-strategies that extend and deepen students' thinking and become part of the fabric of everyday classroom life. Thinking Routines loosely guide learners' thought processes. The PZ researchers working on the first Visible Thinking initiative, including Dave Perkins, Shari Tishman, and Ron Ritchhart, developed a number of important products, but the one that is best known over two decades later is the set of practices called Thinking Routines, which help make thinking visible. Hand, to cultivate students' thinking skills and dispositions, and, on the other, to deepen content learning. An extensive and adaptable collection of practices, the Visible Thinking research has a double goal: on the one Project Zero’s broader work on Visible Thinking can be defined as a flexible and systematic research-based approach to integrating the development of students' thinking with content learning across subject matters. To learn more about PZ Thinking Routines and their background, watch this video introduction. and Interdisciplinary & Global Studies.PZ Connect & Visible Thinking Resources,.Some of the larger PZ research projects focused on enhancing thinking include Over the years, researchers enhanced and expanded upon the original routines, and new projects developed new routines. Thinking Routines originated in PZ’s Visible Thinking research initiative. Witness Tree: Ambassador for Life in a Changing EnvironmentĪ vast array of PZ's work has explored the development of thinking, the concept of thinking dispositions, and the many ways routines can be used to support student learning and thinking across age groups, disciplines, ideals, competencies, and populations.Signature Pedagogies in Global Education.Making Ethics Central to the College Experience. ![]() Leadership Education and Playful Pedagogy (LEaPP).Investigating Impacts of Educational Experiences. ![]()
![]() ![]() I think that it says in the motherboard manual that there is a program on the driver disc that allows you to see temperature readings for your computer. Would you add one on the front where it has space for two? Or is that unnecessary. I just used the stock intel CPU heatsink and then the Antec 300 has one rear and one top case fan. So I think, and you can tell me if I'm wrong, cooling isn't going to be a major issue. My build is pretty moderate, i3-2100, 8GB Ram, eVGA Geforce GTS450, seagate 1tb hdd, dvd-rw, antec 550W truepower. Left them on low, started up and they started spinning, and the little controller that hangs off will change the fan's speed. So yeah I just took one of the cables from the PSU, it has 3 molex connectors on it, plugged one into each of the fans that comes with the Antec 300. ![]() I built this pc from scratch, my first time. I'm just so glad that everything went ok. Thanks for the responses! So it all worked out. You can keep the fan connectors separate as well if you wish.ĭont worry too much though as it would be very hard to "blow up" your PC by connecting fans. Getting back to your fan, since it is a 4-Pin pass-through molex connector, you can actaully daisy chain them together (i wouldnt connect more than 3 or 4 together) so they all get power from a single source like your 4-pin female power connector on the PSU or a fan controller. ![]() ![]() This is most likely what they meant in the video you referenced. Generally case fans have a smaller 3-pin female connector that will connect directly to your motherboard's 3-Pin male connectors. Your description sounds like the molex connector on the fans are 4-Pin pass-through molex connectors (as oppossed to more common 4-pin male molex). I ask mostly because I saw some video where a guy mentioned plugging case fans into something on the motherboard, but I can't see how I'd go about doing that with my setup. Can I just take the cable from the PSU with some molex connectors on it and plug one of those into each fan connector, then control the speed with the little switches you can click between high medium and low? Sorry if it's a real newbie question, I'm almost there, just don't want to rush and blow everything up. The fan connectors have what seems to be the male end on one side and female on the other for molex. Is this the right way to go about it? I have an Antec 300, it's my first build. The motherboard must sense this fan, or else the computer will not turn ON and run. The CPU fan must be connected to the motherboard fan header marked "CPU_fan". You don't have to connect fans (except the CPU fan) to the motherboard fan headers. Here are two examples (3-pin, 4-pin)Īnd yes, if you have speed control switches, they will work to control the fan speed. Will the little controllers that hang off of the fans that come with the Antec 300 not control the speed if you plug it right into a molex connector? I was thinking they would just be electrical, control the amount of power that can go into the fan, not connected to the motherboard in any way. Yeah, I see some pins on the motherboard for a fan to plug into, but they are tiny little pins and the connectors on the fans that came with the case are big molex ones, I'm not sure if there is some adaptor I would need? ![]() ![]() ![]() We’ve done the hard work for you and scoured the web for 14 of the loveliest fonts. Now that you’re well-versed in the various font types, it’s time to decide which will work for your wedding invitations. "They have a modern elegance and can be paired together to create contrast through different thicknesses of fonts.” They are excellent for digital invitations but also the most legible,” says Kentris. “Sans serif fonts are the cleanest letters, with no extra flourishes or feet. “There are two styles of serif fonts: more traditional, grounded in centuries-old styling, that feel like they belong in old history books, and a modern serif styling that is elevated borrows from current design trends still is grounded in tradition.” “Serif fonts are great for print design, as they have extra ‘feet’ as they are sometimes referred to, that help bridge the visual lines between each letter and make for better legibility overall,” says Kentris. “ are varied these days and can be a mix of modern calligraphy, where the letters are varied and feel more hand-drawn, to a traditional calligraphy style that looks closer to a script-style font,” says Kentris. “Many have lots of flourishes-the swooshes and extras around each letterform-which add to the ornate styling.” “Script fonts have a formal feeling and are grounded in traditional styling,” says Kentris. With that in mind, here are the main styles of font that you will be looking at when making the decision. If you’re new to the world of fonts, understanding the basics will help you find the ideal one for your invitations. Personal…, or My Templates.Introducing Minted + Brides: Shop our exclusive collection of easy-to-customize wedding invitations, featuring wedding websites, invitation suites, and more! Types of Fonts to Consider for Your InvitationsĪhead of looking at some of the best wedding fonts, here’s a crash course in typography. EnvelopeNo10_Personal (or DL instead of 10), and select a category, e.g. In the dialog window that opens Write a name, e.g.
![]() These pages also offer ample opportunities for experimentation with various shades thereby. The pages depict Barbie in nice, dreamy sequences, sometimes as faeries at other times in company with other characters. I am not sure what they are, and I haven't tried to clean them off since I don't know how to clean these dolls. This website brings you a fine collection of Barbie coloring pages that will allow your kid to develop his or her artistic potential. Add sparkles to the bubbles for an extra touch of magic. Use your brightest crayons to color Barbie and her seashell bra. She gazes beautifully at you listening to the soothing sounds of the ocean. Welcome to the world of super coloring pages. In this Barbie Mermaid coloring page, half of her body is in the ocean with her long blonde hair flowing freely. Now I want to share that experience with your children. This one is $5 because she has stains on her hand and on her back. As a child there is nothing I enjoyed more than escaping into a coloring page with my crayons. Some are Russ Trolls, Some are Street Kids Trolls. Price is per item, or $15 for both.Īll in great condition, no flaws I can see. I have 2 of these unopened blow-up Rainbow Smash. ![]() Other pages uncolored (I actually didn't go through every single page, I flipped)īook is in good condition, no major flaws other than some colored pages Always open for trades for ponies I don't have!įirst 4-6 pages has been colored. On set, Robbie enacted a weekly “pink day” where she would collect fines (which were donated to charity) from those who failed to wear something in the film’s signature color.My prices are negotiable. During the Barbie press tour in Los Angeles, Sydney, Seoul, Mexico City and London, Gerwig and her stars sported their best beyond-Barbie Land looks on the pink carpet. The fashion world instantly embraced Barbiecore long before the movie’s July 2023 premiere, with designers including Valentino creating bold pink looks for its Fall/Winter 2022 Pink PP collection. Free Printable Barbie Coloring Pages For Kids. It was nominated for a total of nine Golden Globes awards in the best comedy or musical category, including for best feature, best actress (Robbie), best supporting actor (Gosling), best motion picture director (Gerwig), best motion picture screenplay (Gerwig, Noah Baumbach) and best motion picture original song (“Dance the Night” by Mark Ronson, Andrew Wyatt, Dua Lipa, Caroline Ailin “I’m Just Ken” by Mark Ronson, Andrew Wyatt). Home > Dolls and action Figures > Free Printable Barbie Coloring Pages For Kids. The film won Golden Globes Awards for cinematic and box office achievement and best motion picture original song for “What Was I Made For?” by Billie Eilish and Finneas. It also features Kate McKinnon, Issa Rae, Simu Liu, Kingsley Ben-Adir, Ncuti Gatwa, Alexandra Shipp, Emma Mackey, Hari Nef, Dua Lipa, Ritu Arya, Michael Cera and Emerald Fennell as Mattel dolls in the flesh and America Ferrera, Ariana Greenblatt and Will Ferrell as humans, with Helen Mirren serving as narrator. (The film itself is streaming on Max.)ĭirected by Greta Gerwig, Barbie stars Robbie as the iconic Mattel doll and Ryan Gosling as Ken as they step out of Barbie Land and into the real world. Those outfits and more will appear in a new book, Barbie: The World Tour, to be released by Rizzoli on March 19. ![]() ![]() Related: The Best Barbie Home Decor Finds for When You Can’t Book That Malibu DreamHouse Airbnbīarbie star and producer Margot Robbie and her stylist, Andrew Mukamal, dreamed up countless Mattel doll-inspired looks that didn’t make it to the pink carpets when the press tour was cut short by the writers and actors strikes. ![]() Despite the $1.4 billion blockbuster‘s hundreds of fashion, beauty and decor collaborations, and the whirlwind pink-powered press tour followed by designer devotees, there’s somehow still more to see from Greta Gerwig’s Golden Globes– winning film. If you purchase an independently reviewed product or service through a link on our website, The Hollywood Reporter may receive an affiliate commission. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Please don't post asking users if they would be interested in a guide to something - just post the guide! Post it in series (Part 1, Part 2, etc). Self-promotion of your business/idea is encouraged but should be done while sharing in an IAmA/Q&A, question, or case study. Be polite and contribute to discussions in a constructive manner, everyone benefits from this. Strive for a professional but relaxed atmosphere. Help and encourage each other, it's hard enough out there! This community is for giving & receiving advice on all aspects of Entrepreneurship. Check the FAQ's,use Google search and the Reddit search bar Try to answer simple questions yourself before starting a thread. The more information you provide, the better the feedback you'll get and the more focused the conversation will be. Remember: we'll need a bit more info then "I have a concept that will change my industry, I cant tell you anything about it but HELP!" to actually help If you need help in validating a concept, Don't be afraid to share your idea, there are some very knowledgeable people on this sub who can help. What are some valuable lessons learned?Īsk questions, share thoughts and gain insight from the community.know of an app that helps you create or stay productive? People may have never heard of it!.Experience in raising funds? Help those who have none.Tips on cash flow management? Let us know.Do you have specialist knowledge on patents? Share the knowledge.Anything relevant to Entrepreneurship is welcome Consolidate such offers here!Īccomplishments and Lessons Learned Friday - Tell us what you have accomplished or alternatively what you will hope to never do againīecome a community resource & share your successes, failures and insights. Thank You Thursday - Thank the /r/Entrepreneur community by offering free stuff, contests, discounts, electronic courses, ebooks and the best deals you know of. Wantrepreneur Wednesday - Looking to ask a question a bit beyond the super basic but don't need a whole thread? Ask here! Marketplace Tuesday - Post jobs or internships you're looking to fill or about services you can offer NooB Monday - For the most basic of questions Treat every post as if you're at work and representing the best version of yourself. Please feel free to provide evidence-based best practices, share a micro-victory, discuss strategy and concepts with a frame work, ask for feedback, and create professional conversation. Also consider Reddiquette The latter isn't mandatory but might be used in considering the intent of your post.ĩ) Unsolicited Opinion and Thoughts Please do not use this community as your personal blog, this is not a personal diary where you share your day dreams, thoughts, and opine on subjective concepts. Any "free" thread deemed to be self-promotional will be removed.Ĩ) Follow the Rules of Reddit - They apply everywhere on Reddit. Posts asking the community how to make $X, without making specific reference to a reasonable idea, are not tolerated.Ħ) Avoid unprofessional communication - Please treat fellow entrepreneurs like respected coworkers, label conversations if NSFW and avoid deliberate provocations.ħ) No free offerings threads - The Thursday sticky is specifically for free offerings. Posts must not be for the primary purpose of promoting yourself.ĥ) No “How To Get Rich Quick” posts - This community is not about making a quick buck. Your post must contain enough content to have a discussion.ģ) Ten comment karma in /r/Entrepreneur required to post - we ask you interact with the community before you lead the discussionĤ) No Self Promotion - No selling, unsolicated offers outside the Tuesday/Thursday threads. He is the main force behind and sjo.com and previously did an AMA here.ġ) No Personal Attacks - criticism of ideas is allowed, attacking people is notĢ) Self Posts Only - links can only provide supplementary material. Sol Orwell - Sold several websites and was a nomad for a while. If approved we will schedule you on the sidebar, so please also provide a Title and 140 character teaser. Body: Date(M-F only), your background/experience, some form of validation (LinkedIn, Website, IG, etc). ![]() ![]() But you can switch to Reading Mode in the mobile app for a more pleasant reading experience, similar to what you'd see in an eBook reader. Viewing a PDF in its original form can be an eyesore-especially on your phone. Just upload the file to your cloud storage app once (PDF Expert will automatically sync further annotations), and you're all set. If you begin editing a doc on your desktop app and you want to continue doing so on the train ride home, you can access the most up-to-date version on your iPhone or iPad and vice versa. Let's say you snapped a photo of a cookie recipe from a magazine, but coffee stains and shadows in the image have distorted the instructions-does that say 1 tsp or 1 Tbsp of salt? With Enhance Scan, you can use AI to remove shadows and fix distortions, making the file easier to read. It has all the annotation and core editing features you'd expect from other PDF editor apps, so I'll focus on what makes PDF Expert stand out:ĪI-powered features. The PDF Expert app (owned by Readdle) is available for iPhone and iPad, which makes it a great option for people who regularly review, edit, or fill in PDFs on the go (on an Apple device, at least). (And if you don't need to edit original text or images in a PDF file, Acrobat Reader is a great alternative that you can use for free.)Īdobe Acrobat pricing: $12.99/month (billed annually) for Acrobat Standard, which includes all the core PDF editing features $19.99/month for Acrobat Pro, which includes advanced features such as redaction tools, searchable PDFs, and document comparison. While Adobe Acrobat offers more tools than most people need, it's hands-down the best option if you work with PDF files daily. It's really straightforward to edit text and images directly in Adobe Acrobat, but if you prefer to edit text- or data-heavy files in other apps, such as Microsoft Word or Excel, you can export PDF files into compatible formats. And with a recent interface design update, it's easier to navigate through all the available tools (they were previously hidden behind nested menus). It offers a comprehensive set of features, so you can review and edit PDFs, create and complete forms, and collaborate on files. The best PDF editor apps at a glanceĪdobe Acrobat is the high-water mark of PDF editor apps-and for good reason. But if you edit eBooks for a living, you may want to invest in a more comprehensive editor like Adobe Acrobat. For example, if you're a Mac user and all you need to do is sign the occasional form, Preview is probably more than enough. Why? Because many of today's PDF editor apps offer similar features.Īt the end of the day, the best PDF editor app for you will likely come down to price, accessibility, and ease of use. After testing more than 20 of them, it was obvious that I didn't have to explore every available option. To find the best ones, I tested how well each app displayed documents and forms, the depth of available features, and how easy it was to edit the file. As a baseline, they allow you to mark up and edit all types of PDFs, including text- and image-rich documents and forms. There are countless PDF editor apps on the market. In this article, I'm focusing only on PDF annotation and editor apps. Adobe Acrobat is a popular example of a robust PDF editor app. ![]() You can also create PDFs and forms from scratch in a PDF editor app. PDF editor apps allow you to change anything in a PDF. Preview on Mac, PDF Expert, and most mobile PDF apps are PDF annotation apps. ![]() You can add as much to the document as you want, but you can't change the core, original PDF text. PDF annotation apps let you add comments, rearrange pages, add shapes, and insert new text blocks and images. ![]() Examples of these include Adobe Reader, Apple iBooks, and Windows Reader. ![]() PDF reader apps help you read PDF files, allowing you to do things like flip through pages, search for phrases, highlight text, and perhaps sign digital forms. Here's a quick overview of the differences between PDF reader apps, PDF annotation apps, and PDF editor apps. PDF editor appsīefore we dive in, let's clarify one thing: PDF editors aren't all the same. The best PDF editor appsĪdobe Acrobat for comprehensive PDF editing and collaborationĬloudConvert for converting PDFs to other file formats Here's a roundup of the six best PDF editor apps we've used and enjoyed. And I've asked coworkers about their favorites. I've tested a lot of different options-free and paid-throughout my career. Nowadays, the best apps let you easily edit every element of a PDF, including text and form fields, and convert files into other formats like. PDF editor apps have come a long way since then. ![]() ![]() ![]() The number of tax returns reporting $1 million or more in income increased from 69,688 to 84,366 in 2021-the highest number in recent New York State history. Top data points for tax year 2021, all returns Taxpayer categories Millionaires paid as much as 98.9% of all filers. New York State’s progressive tax system imposes a lower tax burden on lower income taxpayers, while nearly half of New York State’s taxes are paid by 84,000 taxpayers with the highest incomes. Source: State Personal Income Tax Rates, 2023 | Federation of Tax Administrators Iowa is phasing-in a flat rate by 2027, while Nebraska and South Carolina is phasing-in a reduced top rate by 2027 (14) Louisiana tax rates may be adjusted down if revenue trigger is met on April 1st. For married taxpayers filing jointly, the same tax rates apply to the top income bracket of $405,550 (13) The Wisconsin income brackets reported are for single individuals. For married taxpayers filing jointly, the same tax rates apply to the top income bracket of $279,450. (12) Vermont’s income brackets reported are for single individuals. ![]() For married persons filing jointly, the same tax rates apply to the top income bracket of $12,200. (11) The income brackets reported for Oklahoma are for single persons. For married couples filing jointly, the same tax rates apply to the top income bracket of $491,350. (10) The income brackets reported for North Dakota are for single individuals. For married couples filing jointly, the same tax rates apply to the top income bracket of $315,000. (9) The income brackets reported for New Mexico are for single individuals. (8) Mississippi rate decreases in 2024 to 4.8% if net general revenue goal is met. For married couples filing jointly, the same tax rates apply to the top income bracket of $304,971 (7) The income brackets reported for Minnesota are for single individuals. An additional tax of 4% on income of $1 million (6) Short-term capital gains in Massachusetts is taxed at 12% rate. For married couples filing jointly, the same tax rates apply to the top income bracket of $300,000. (5) The income brackets reported for Maryland are for single individuals. For married couples filing jointly, the same tax rates apply to the top income bracket of $10,000 (4) The Georgia income brackets reported are for single individuals. ![]() (3) California imposes an additional 1% tax on taxable income over $1 million, making the maximum rate 13.3% over $1 million. (2) For joint returns, taxes are twice the tax on half the couple’s income ![]() Oregon does not index the income brackets for $125,000 and over. (1) 16 states have statutory provision for automatically adjusting to the rate of inflation the dollar values of the income tax brackets, standard deductions, and/or personal exemptions. Top state personal income tax rates and brackets as of JanuState Population trending downward from 2017 through 2019 upward trend from 2019 to 2020 trending down from 2020 to 2021. Personal income tax returns filed from 2017 to 2021 upward trend 2017 through 2020, then quick downturn 2021. More than 10.8 million individual taxpayers filed personal income taxes in New York in 2021, down from almost 11 million in 2020 when the COVID-19 pandemic hit. Personal income tax collections (in millions of dollars) Personal income tax collections by year Calendar year Personal income tax collected in millions of dollars from 2017 to 2021. This is the state’s largest revenue source, supporting programs and services including education ($41.2 billion), health ($28 billion), and public safety ($2.8 billion). The Tax Department collected more than $67 billion in personal income taxes in 2021. ![]() ![]() ![]() Grotesque and terrible though the environment was in which Elisabeth Fritzl's children were raised, they had the company of their mother, who already spoke German, and as the years went by they had each other too, and also occasional contact with Elisabeth's brutal father (he was non-human in terms of empathy and morality, it seems, but human biologically and linguistically). They simply acquire the language no one really knows much about how this happens (adults who already know a language seem to mostly lose the ability to accomplish the same feat), but it certainly isn't a matter of language teaching. Talking to them in normal contexts, or even just talking to others when in their presence, is sufficient. No mother needs to teach her children language. Sometimes one despairs of ever dragging the general public's notions about language out of the 19th century. ![]() ![]() He also notes that media reports are saying that the children's mother "taught them German". The Fritzl kids mostly had each other, so you get twinspeak. So she learned how to talk intelligently. (Some native speaker of German in the department at the time - I forget who - turned out to have had the same reaction.) Presumably her only interlocutor was her abductor, and apparently he used to have intelligent conversations with her about quite a range of topics. The thing that struck me was how eerily articulate she was, and how standard-sounding her German was, with only a hint of Austrian accent. ![]() By coincidence, I was in Berlin the night her interview was broadcast on Austrian TV, and got back to my hotel room and switched on the TV just as it started. My colleague Bob Ladd adds these remarks: " It's worth making a comparison between these kids and Natascha Kampusch, the other Austrian dungeon child from two years ago. But perhaps it is worthwhile to say just this much: let us all try to ensure that the terrible psychological damage done to these poor children and their mother by the monster who imprisoned them is not now amplified by the promulgation of sensationalist nonsense likening them to animals. A point about reporting on their language seems almost too trivial to make. I am viscerally affected by the story each time I think about it, which is many times each day. I find the Amstetten story almost unbearably appalling. And semi-private speech modes used by children with siblings (e.g., identical twins with mostly or only their twin for company) are well known to developmental psycholinguists. "If they want to say something so others understand them as well they have to focus and really concentrate which seems to be extremely exhausting for them."īeing able to say anything at all to other people, however exhausting the process, makes them already quite different from any non-human animal species on earth. They communicate with noises that are a mixture of growling and cooing." Police chief Leopold Etz, 50, who has met the two boys, said: "It is only half true that they can speak. But their form of communication is only partly intelligible to Austrian police officers. Stefan Fritzl, 18, and his brother Felix, five, learned to talk by watching a television in the dungeon where they were held with their mother Elisabeth Fritzl, 42. Animals do not have language, and these children do not communicate like animals. I suppose we should have expected it: the usual headline-writers' nonsense. The first report I have seen concerning the language skills of the imprisoned children involved in the horror story coming out of Amstetten, this Daily Telegraph story by Nick Allen, is headlined Dungeon children speak in animal language. ![]() |
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